Comprehensive Oral Exam Prep — Course 2

A ground-up course preparing you for the PhD comprehensive oral exam on two research papers: Paper 1 — short-term solar power forecasting with deep learning at a utility-scale photovoltaic plant, and Paper 2 — teaching robots to build simulations of themselves from raw video.

We start from first principles — no prior background in energy systems, robotics, or ML assumed — and climb, module by module, until you can defend every design choice in both papers.

MathTime SeriesRegression Neural NetworksLSTM / GRUSelf-Supervision NeRF-style ModelsUncertainty & Evaluation

How to use this course: go in order, starting with Module 0 — it assumes no energy, robotics, or ML background at all. Each module is short, opens with a ~2-minute audio recap you can listen to for quick revision, and ends with a quiz — score at least 80% before moving on, because every later module assumes the earlier ones. Quiz scores are saved on this device and shown on each card.

Phase 1 · Foundations
00Start Here: The Two Worlds

No energy or robotics background needed. Plain-language primers on solar farms, the power grid and why forecasting matters (Paper 1's world) and on robot arms, kinematics and self-models (Paper 2's world) — and what each paper set out to solve.

01Math Foundations

Vectors, matrices & rotations, functions, derivatives & gradients, time series notation, and basic statistics — the entire mathematical toolkit the papers rely on.

02Machine Learning Basics

Supervised learning, regression vs classification, MSE and friends, gradient descent, chronological train/validation/test splits, overfitting, and the forecast error metrics NRMSE, MAE and MAPE.

03Neural Networks

Neurons, ReLU, feedforward networks (FFNN), backpropagation, the Adam optimizer, early stopping, and the hyperparameters — layers, units, batch size — both papers must choose.

Phase 2 · Core Machinery
04Data: Time Series, Features & Cleaning

Sensor data and its faults, elimination/interpolation/imputation, feature engineering with solar angles, one-hot encoding, normalization, sliding windows — plus video frames, segmentation and pixel imbalance.

05Recurrent Networks: LSTM & GRU

Why sequences need memory, vanishing gradients, the LSTM gates, the streamlined GRU, sequence-to-vector forecasting, and multi-target regression for 21 steps ahead.

06Self-Supervision & Implicit 3D Models

Learning without labels, motor babbling, query-based models, positional encoding, NeRF-style density & visibility, differentiable rendering — the machinery of the robot self-model.

07Evaluation, Uncertainty & Fair Comparison

Deterministic metrics, bootstrap confidence intervals, probabilistic forecasting, honest baselines — and Paper 1's four reasons why "our model is superior" claims are usually unfounded.

08The Optimization Toolbox

Systematic hyperparameter search (the 3-phase framework), K-means clustering with Euclidean distance, choosing K, inverter clustering — and gradient-based inverse kinematics and motion planning.

Phase 3 · The Papers
09Paper 1 Deep Dive — Solar Power Forecasting

The full study: 75 MW plant, 84 inverters, FFNN vs LSTM vs GRU, macro vs inverter-level forecasts, weather-type results, bootstrap CIs, and the "marginal improvement" conclusion.

10Paper 2 Deep Dive — Robots Simulating Themselves

The free-form kinematic self-model (FFKSM): architecture, training from video, morphology prediction, motion planning without kinematic equations, damage detection and recovery.

Phase 4 · Exam Readiness
11Oral Exam Bootcamp

The two papers side by side, the questions examiners actually ask, how to answer under pressure, and a final cross-course mock quiz.